String formatting means combining variables, text, and values inside a string to create dynamic output.

1. Traditional String Concatenation

Using + operator.

let name = "Jeeshma";
let age = 25;

console.log("My name is " + name + " and I am " + age + " years old.");

Output:

My name is Jeeshma and I am 25 years old.

Problems

As the string becomes longer, readability decreases.

2. Template Literals

Uses backticks ` `

Variables are inserted using ${}

let name = "Jeeshma";
let age = 25;

console.log(`My name is ${name} and I am ${age} years old.`);

Output:

My name is Jeeshma and I am 25 years old.

3. Expressions Inside Template Literals

You can perform calculations.

let a = 10;
let b = 20;

console.log(`Total: ${a + b}`);

Output:

Total: 30

4. Function Calls Inside Template Literals

function greet() {
  return "Hello";
}

console.log(`${greet()} Jeeshma`);

Output:

Hello Jeeshma